JARNAIL SINGH versus STATE OF PUNJAB

Leave Granted.

p. 314

The present appeal is filed by the appellant being aggrieved by the judgment and order of the learned Single Judge of the Punjab & Haryana High Court affirming the . judgment and order of the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Patiala finding the appellant- accused guilty of the offence alleged against him. The learned Additional Sessions Judge, found the appellant-accused guilty and convicted him under Section 304 Part II of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short 'IPC') and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for eight years. However, in the appeal filed by the appellant as against the order of conviction and sentence the learned Single Judge while maintaining the finding of guilt of the appellant converted the conviction of the appellant from Section 304 Part ,. II IPC to offence under Section 304 Part I IPC and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for five years. .. •

p. 314

In order to appreciate the contention raised by the appellant-accused that the courts below have failed to properly analyse and scrutinise the evidence of the solitary witness and that the presence of the said solitary witness at the place of occurrence was not natural and also that his testimony was not free from embellishment, we are required to mention brief facts as alleged by the prosecution.

p. 314

Ramtar (hereinafter referred to as 'deceased') was the younger brother of the Harjinder Kumar, the complainant, both sons of Jiwa Nath. The deceased was employed as a driver of a Maruti Van bearing Registration No. PB-01-0353 belonging to Gurdev Singh, resident of village Sular. On 15.11.1993, Harjinder Kumar was proceeding from village Phagan Majra to meet Mohinder Singh son of Kartar ~ Singh and at about 6.30 p.m., he reached the bus stop of village A Phagan Majra, where he met Manjit Singh, Sarpanch and Chanan Singh, Member Panchayat of village Kasiana. They all then started to village Phagan Majra. When they reached the. point from where a kacha path takes off to village Kasiana, they found the abovementioned Maruti Van with its headlight on, lying B parked with its windows open at a distance of about 1 1/2 Killa from the metalled road. On suspicion, they went towards the van and on reaching there, they found deceased seated o.n the right rear seat and accused Jarnail Singh seated on the left rear seat of the van. Accused was putting pressure on deceased to take the van by kacha path way to village Kasiana but the decease was disinclined. An exchange of hot words ensued. Accused dealt two stab blows with knife, one on the chest and other on right flank of deceased. The deceased became unconscious and rolled down on the ground through the right window of the van. On sensing that deceased has succumbed to the injuries, accused plunged the knife into his chest, in qrder to commit suicide. The knife fell down from his grip in the van. After having arranged a tractor the deceased and accused were brought to Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. On reaching the hospital, Harjinder Kumar and others were told by doctor that deceased had already expired. Harjinder Kumar and 'Manjit Singh left for the Police Station, Sadar Patiala. When they reached near the general bus stand, Patiala they came across ASI Karnail Singh alongwith other police officials at about 10.30 p.m. Harjinder Kumar made statement Ex. PD before the ASI who made his endorsement Ex.PD/1 and sent the same to the ~ Police Station where on its basis formal FIR Ex. PD/2 was recorded. ASI Karnail Singh alongwith Harjinder Kumar, Manjit ... Singh and other police officials went to Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. At that time the dead house was lying locked. Early in ..._ the morning at about 6.30 a.m. Raj Kumar the attendant came to the dead house and opened the same. The dead body of H deceased was identified by Harjinder Kumar and Manjit Singh. The ASI prepared the Inquest Report Ex. PA/1 and handed over the dead body alongwith request Ex. PA/2 to Constable Gurdeep Singh for ·postmorte~ examination . ASI in the comr:>any of Harjinder Singh, Manjit Singh and other police officials went to the scene of crime, and prepared site plan Ex. PW 11/A showing the place of occurrence. He seized the knife Ex. P1, which was allegedly stained with blood. The same was converted into a parcel after preparing its rough sketch Ex. PW 11/B. The knife was taken into possession vide memo Ex. PW 1 O/A. Some portion of the rear seat of the van which was blood stained alongwith its foam was also removed and turned into a parcel with seal 'GS' and taken into possession vide memo Ex PW.1 O/E. The van alongwith its Registration Certificate Ex. PW 1 O/D was also seized vide memo Ex. PW 10/C. Thereafter ASI came to Rajindra Hoi;pital, Patiala and took into possession the parcel containing clothes of the deceased. He deputed some constables including Amar Singh to guard the accused in the hospital. He went back to the police station on 16.11.1993 and deposited the case property with seals intact with MHC Bhupinder Singh. He arrested the accused on 9.12.1993. After completion of investigation, the charge-sheet was filed in the court of learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, J:_atiala, who vide his order dated 15.03.1994 committed the case to the court of learned Sessions Judge, Patiala for trial.

pp. 314–316, margin F

The accused was charged u/s 302 IPC as well as u/s 309 IPC. However, the charge u/s 309 IPC was deleted subsequently. In order to substantiate its case, the prosecution examined 12 witnesses in all. Harjinder Singh who was the eye witness and complainant was examined as PW7. Manjit Singh, Sarpanch, the alleged eye ~itness was also examined as PW6 but he did not support the prosecution version, not even the presence of PW7 at the time of occurrence. Consequently he was declared hostile. Chanan Singh another alleged eye witness was given up on the ground that he has been won over A by the accused.

pp. 316–317, margin F

In the FIR it was stated by PW-7, the alleged eye witness, that the deceased brother first gave a knife blow in the chest of the accused and thereafter the accused gave two stab blows with his knife on the person of deceased. The same set of allegation was made by said PW-7 even before the police during the course of investigation. However, during the trial he stated that there was an exchange of hot words between the accused and the deceased consequent to which the accused gave two stab blows with the knife to the deceased, one of which fell on the chest whereas the other on the right flank of the deceased. It was also stated in the evidence by the said PW- 7 that on seeing that the deceased had died the accused attempted to commit suicide by plunging the knife on the left side of his chest.

p. 317

On the other hand, the accused put forth that he was learning driving from the deceased, who was his friend. He stated that on the day of the occurrence three unidentified person hired the van of the deceased and on reaching the spot, E deceased refused to take his van on kacha path and those person picked up a row with him and they assaulted both the deceased and the accused with the Gatra Kirpan due to which both of them suffered injuries. He further stated that he became "" unconscious on receipt of injury in his stomach and F subsequently he was involved in this case.

p. 317

The learned Additional Sessions Judge, on appreciation of the evidence on record held that though the injury on the accused could have been self inflicted as stated by the doctor, but even considering that the same was inflicted in self-defence, the right of self-defence to the extent of causing the death of "' the deceased was not available to the accused. On noticing and appreciating the fact that there was allegation of an exchange - of hot words and that the incident occurred at the spur of the moment without any premeditation, the learned Additional H A Sessions Judge found the accused guilty and convicted him . under Section 304 Part II IPC and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for eight years.

pp. 317–318

On an appeal being filed by the appellant as against the aforesaid order of conviction and sentence the learned Single Judge heard the parties on merits. While maintaining the finding of guilt against the appellant the learned Single Judge, however, convicted the appellant under Section 304 Part I IPC by altering .. the same from one under Section 304 Part II IPC. However, taking into consideration the fact that the accused has become permanently physically handicapped and his disability is 80% the learned Single Judge reduced the sentence to five years instead of eight years.

p. 318

The accused filed the present appeal as against the aforesaid orders. We have heard the learned counsel appearing for the appellant-accused as also learned counsel appearing for the State and also scrutinised the evidence on record.

p. 318

The learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted before us that the presence of PW-7, the only eye witness supporting the alleged story of the prosecution, at the spot is too providential to be true. It was also submitted that although it is alleged that the First Information Report was recorded at 10.30 or 11.00 p.m., but in the inquest report which "" ' was drawn at 7.00 a.m. on the next day, in the place of the F.1.R number no particulars were given and only a dash was shown and the F.l.R number was inserted at the later point of time. Relying on the said fact it was submitted that the first information report was submitted late and belatedly on the next date i.e. on 16.11.1993 at about 9.00 a.m. He further submitted that the statement of PW-7 is full of embellishment and contradictions from his previous statement. He drew our attention to the allegation made in the first information report and to the statement of said PW-7. He submitted that said PW-7 is neither trustworthy nor reliable, and therefore, the appellant should have been acquitted instead of being convicted in the aforesaid manner.

pp. 318–319, margin D

The learned counsel appearing for the respondent, the other hand, submitted that both the courts below namely High Court and the learned Additional Sessions Judge the appellant guilty of the offence and the said findings conclusion reached should not be interfered with.

p. 319, margin A

The learned Additional Sessions Judge found appellant guilty of the offence and convicted the appellantaccused under Section 304 Part II IPC. The prosecution file any appeal as against the aforesaid order of conviction sentence whereas the appellant-accused filed an against his order of conviction.

p. 319, margin B

It is established fact that the offence of Section Part I IPC is of a higher degree than that of the offence Section 304 Part II IPC, as also held in Rufi Ram v. State Haryana [(2002) 7 SCC 691, Para 8]. The learned Judge, therefore, was not justified in converting the order conviction and altering the same from Section 304 Part to Section 304 Part 1 IPC, particularly when the prosecution not file any appeal. By virtue of the order passed by the Single Judge the appellant stood convicted of a higher of offence than that of Section 304 Part II IPC, although learned Single Judge altered the sentence from eight years five years. In the case of Abdul Aziz v. State of Rajasthan [(2007) 10 SCC 283] it was held by this Court that if a is charged under a grave Section, but however, if acquitted under the said grave section by the Trial Court, then it amount to travesty of Justice if in his own appeal he is convicted under that grave section, without there being any appeal the State and without there being prior notice of enhancement issued by the appellate Court.

p. 319, margin C

Be that as it may, it is necessary now to consider whether the prosecution case as alleged could be said trustworthy and reliable, for which we are required to refer A analyse the evidence as adduced by the parties.

pp. 319–320, margin G

According to the prosecution the incident took place on 15.11.1993 at about 6.30 p.m. which was an incident happening on an evening of the winter season. The deceased who was the brother of PW-7 was allegedly driving the van which was parked at the place of incident with windows open and headlights on, which meant that it was dark at that point of time. Although it was a winter night still the windows of the car were kept open, for which according to the prosecution, PW-7 could see the entire incident. In the first information report PW- 7 stated that initially a knife blow was given by the deceased to the accused and thereafter the accused gave two knife blows to the deceased, which resulted in his death and consequently his body came· out of the window. The aforesaid version as stated in the first information report, was however, later on changed and altered when PW-7 deposed in the court that the accused after giving two knife blows to the deceased attempted to commit suicide by plunging the knife in his chest. In support of the said contention reliance was placed on the evidence of the doctor who has stated during his examination that the aforesaid injury on the accused could have been self inflicted also. PW-7 is said to be the eye witness who has allegedly seen the entire occurrence including the exchange of hot words between the appellant and the deceased in a winter night and that also when it was totally dark. According to him, he could see the entire incident in the light of the headlight of the car.

p. 320

The aforesaid statement of PW-7 does not appear to be trustworthy and reliable for the simple reason that even though the headlight of the car was on, it would be lighting only the front portion and not the side of the car and may not even have lighted sufficiently to enable PW 7 to see as to what had happened in,side the car. Although it was a winter night it is not stated nor understood as to why the windows of the car were kept open. It is also not stated by PW-7 that he had made any effort to help or render assistance between the accused and the deceased steps to stop the stabbing on further stated that his brother was the incident had happened because the vehicle by the village path. has stated that his brother was alongwith the deceased. It is not of the vehicle driving the car would car instead of driving the car from PW-7 at the spot at that point of he has been examined only as alleged eye witness namely Chanan of village Kasiana was not examined he was won over by the accused. is stated to be the last and third Therefore, out of the three eye hostile whereas the other was prosecution and we have only happens to be the brother of the discarded there is no other evidence accused could be convicted. It is no doubt true that conviction sole testimony of a solitary eye basis of conviction his presence to be natural and his testimony and free from any blemish. In Haryana, [(1976) 1 SCC 879] important is not how many witnesses the prosecution but what is the nature on which it relies. The evidence of a sentence of death whereas a may fail to support a simple charge stand or fall by the evidence of to examine that evidence critically.

pp. 320–321, margin F

However, when we scrutinize the evidence of PW-7, in the present case, we do not find him to be trustworthy and reliable witness for he is changing his version frequently. He had given one version in the F.l.R which is reiterated during the course of investigation before the police whereas he had given a totally different version at the time of his statement before the court. He had stated in the F.l.R that following the altercation between the deceased and the accused the deceased first gave a knife blow. When inquest proceedings took place on the next day at 7.00 a.m. he stuck to the same version and during investigation also he confirmed the aforesaid allegation made by him whereas in the trial he stated that the accused first gave two knife blows to the deceased and then he tried to commit suicide by giving a knife blow to himself. He had also stated that on receiving those two blows the deceased came through the window and fell down on the ground. The said version also cannot be believed for the deceased after receiving the injuries could not have gone out of the window unless the door was open. The car was allegedly parked with the headlights on and if that was so, the key of the car was available in the starting/ignition switch and, therefore, there was no reason why the said car could not have been driven with the dead body of the deceased and the injured to the hospital as also to the police station by the said PW-7 and the other witnesses allegedly with him at that point of time for it has come in evidence that the other witness knew driving as he was driving the tractor.

p. 322

The prosecution also examined Balbir Singh, PW-8, who stated that he is the owner and driver of a taxi and on 15.11.1993 Jarnail Singh hired the taxi of Ramtar in his presence and after that Ramtar never returned. The deposition of the said witness is also found to be not worthy of reliance for he did not produce any registration certificate. On his statement that he was owning a taxi, he later said that he had sold the taxi. He also stated in his evidence that he is unable to recollect as to where from he had purchased the taxi or to JARNAIL SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB • / 323 [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.] · •. whom he had sold his taxi. He also stated in hjs deposition that A he was holding a forged driving license. i:hese circumstances make him totally unreliable. •

pp. 322–323, margin F

The entire story sought to be put forth by the prosecution and by PW-7 particularly appears to be doubtful 8 and full of contradictions. It will be unsafe to convict a person· on the basis of such unreliable arid untrustworthy evidence particularly when such statements are full of embellishment and contradictions, without corroboration in material particulars by reliable testimony, direct or circumstantial. ConsequenUy, we set C aside the order of conviction and sentence passed against the appellant and give him benefit of doubt: He stands acquitted ·of the charges. He shall be set free immediat~ly, unless required in any other matter. ·

p. 323

The appeal is accordingly allowed: D K.K.T. Appeal allowed . . r

p. 323