NATIONAL INSURANCE CO. LTD. versus MUBASIR AHMED AND ANR.

Challenge in these appeals is to the judgment rendered in each case by learned Single Judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Court. Respondent no. I in each case was working as employee of respondent no.2. Each of them filed a claim petition under Section 22 of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 (in short the 'Act') claiming compensation for alleged personal injuries sustained in course of employment. In each case the claimant claimed to be either a labour or cleaner or driver of the vehicle which was involved in the accident. While respondent no. I in Civil Appeal No.5625 of2006 claimed to be driver of the vehicle No.APJ- 1907, the respondent no. I in Civil Appeal No.5623 of 2006 claimed to be the cleaner of the vehicle. Respondent no.I in Civil Appeal No. 5624 claimed to be employed in a different vehicle. The claim petitions were adjudicated by the Commissioner for Workmens' Compensation and Assistant Commissioner of Labour, Nizamabad (hereinafter referred to as the 'Commissioner').

p. 119, margin C

In order to prove the nature of injuries sustained and the alleged loss of earning capacity, a doctor was examined as witness. The doctor who was examined, indicated the percentage of permanent and temporary disablement, functional disability and loss of earning capacity as follows: Civil Appeal No. 5623 of 2006 Permar cont/partial disability 65% Functional disability 65% Loss of earning capacity 80% Civil Appeal No. 5624 of2006 Permanent/partial disability 65% Functional disability 65% Loss of earning capacity 65% Civil Appeal No. 5625 of2006 Permanent/partial disability 65% Functional disability 7(1% Loss of earning capacity 80"/o

pp. 119–120, margin E

The appellant-insurer of offending vehicle did not question correctness of the award made by the Commissioner. The claimant in each case preferred an appeal under Section 30 of the Act. By the impug01ed judgment in each case the High Court held that there was I 00% loss of earning capacity and, therefore, awarded compensation. It also directed grant of interest @ 12% p.a. from date of accident till actual realization.

p. 120, margin C

In support of the appeals, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the judgment of the High Court without any discussion on the loss of earning capacity is clearly unsustainable, and in addition question of payment of 12% p.a. interest does not arise. The rate of interest is high. S. Learned counsel for the respondents supported the impugned order of the High Court in each case.

p. 120, margin D

In order to decide the basic issues Sections 4 and 4-A of the Act need to be noted. They read as follows: "4. Amount of compensation.-( I) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the amount of compensation shall be as follows, namely : (a) where death results from the injury an amount equal to forty per cent of the monthly wages of the deceased workman multiplied by the relevant factor; or an amount of twenty thousand rupees, whichever is more; (b) where permanent total disablement results from injury an amount equal to fifty per cent of the monthly wages of the injured workman multiplied relevant factor; or an amount of twenty-four thousand rupees, whichever is more; Explanation 1 - For the purposes of Cl. (a) and Cl. (b), "relevant factor", in relation to a workman means the factor specified in the second column of Sch. IV against th~ entry in the first column of the schedule specifying the number of years which are the same as the completed years of the age of the workman on his last birthday immediately preceding the date on which the compensation fell due; Explanation II - Where the monthly wages of a workman exceed one thousand rupees, his monthly wages for the purposes of Cl. (a) and Cl. (b) shall be deemed to be one thousand rupees only. (c) where (i) in the case of an injury specified permanent in Pt. II of Sch. I, such percentage partial of the compensation which would disablement have been payable in the case of results from permanent total disablement as is the injury specified therein as being the percentage of the loss of earning capacity caused by the in jury; and (ii) in the case of an in jury not specified in Sch. I, such percentage of the compensation payable in the case of permanent total disablement as is proportionate to the loss of earning capacity (as assessed by the qualified medical practitioner) permanently caused by the injury; Explanation I Where more injuries than one are caused by the same accident,' the amount of compensation payable under this head shall be aggregated but not so in any case as to exceed the amount which would have been payable if permanent total disablement had resulted from the injuries: Explanation II In assessing the loss of earning capacity for the purposes sub-clause (ii), of the qualified medical practitioner shall have due regard to the percentage of loss of earning capacity in relation to different injuries specified in Sch.I; (d) Where temporary A half-monthly paymet of the disablement, whether sum-equivalent to twenty-five total or partial results per cent of monthly wages of from the in jury the workman, to be paid in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2). Xx xx xx 4-A. Compensation to be paid when due and penalty for default (l) c Compensation under Sec. 4 shall be paid as soon as it falls due. (2) In cases where the employer does not accept the liability for compensation to the extent claimed, he shall be bound to make provisional payment based on the event of liability which he accepts, and, such payment shall be deposited with the Commissioner or made to the workman, as the case may be without prejudice to the right of the workman to make any further claim. (3) Where any employer is in default in paying the compensation due under this Act within one month from the date it fell due, the Commissioner may direct that, in addition to the amount of the arrears, simple interest at the rate of six per cent per annum on the amount due together with, if in the opinion of the Commissioner there is no justification for the delay, a further sum not exceeding fifty per cent of such amount, shall be recovered from the employer by way of penalty."

pp. 120–122, margin F

These cases related to injuries which were not specified in Schedule I and as such cases are covered by Section 4(l)(c) (ii) Explanation. In tenns of Explanation II the qualified medical practitioner has to assess loss of earning capacity having due regard to percentage of loss of earning capacity in relation to the different injuries in Schedule I. Explanation I also provides that where there are more than one injury, the aggregate has to be taken, so that the amount which would be payable for pennanent total disablement is not exceeded.

p. 122, margin E

Loss of earning capacity is, therefore, not a substitute for percentage of the physical disablement. It is one of the factors taken into account. In the instant case the doctor who examined the claimant functional disablement. In other words, the doctor relevant factors relating to loss of earning capacity. reason or basis the High Court held that there was capacity. Since no basis was indicated in support cannot be maintained. Therefore, we set aside that order and restore that of the Commissioner, in view Coming to the question of liability to pay interest, Section that question. The provision has been quoted above.

pp. 122–123, margin G

Interest is payable under Section 4-A(3) if the compensation due under this Act within one month due. The question of liability under Section 4-A was in Maghar Singh v. Jashwant Singh, [1998] 9 SCC 14 of 1995, Section 4-A of the Act was amended, minimum rate of interest to be simple interest @ 12%. the accident took place after the amendlT'ent and, therefore, as fixed by the High Court cannot be faulted. But is wrong. The starting point is on completion of one on which it fell due. Obviously it cannot be the date indication is there as when it becomes due, it has to of adjudication of the claim. This appears to be so prescribes that compensation under Section 4 shall be due. The compensation becomes due on the basis claim made. The adjudication under Section 4 \n assessment of loss of earning capacity by a qualified Unless adjudication is done, question of compensation not arise. The position becomes clearer on a reading Section 4-A. It provides that provisional payment liability has to be made when employer does not compensation to the extent claimed. The crucial expression Significantly, legislature has not used the expression "from accident". Unless there is an adjudication, the question due does not arise.

p. 123, margin B

The appeals are allowed to the extent indicated, as to costs. RP.

p. 123, margin F