STATE OF PUNJAB AND A.L\IR. versus JL. GUPTA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

SABHARWAL, J. Leave granted.

p. 904, margin B

The ex-employees of State of Punjab are respondents in this appeal and in the connecttd appeals. All of them retired from the service prior to 31st March 1985. Their pensionary benefits were calculated as per the rules prevalent at the time of their retirement. By a notification/order dated 9th July, 1985 issued by Government of Punjab, Department of Finance, it was inter alia decided that the dearness allowance and ad hoc dearness allowance sanctiom:d up to the consumers price level index No. 568 will be treated as dearnes~ pay for the purposes of pensionary benefits, i.e., for calculating pension, gratuity/DCRG, internal gratuity in respect of the employees retired on or after 31st March, 1985. Since the respondents were not given the benefit of the aforesaid notification, they filed a writ petition in the High Court claiming the benefits conferred by the notification dated 9th July, 1985. Tht: High Court by the impugned judgment dated 18th November, 1998 allowed the writ petition directing the Stat.: of Punjab to pay all dues to the writ petitioners on the basis of the order dated 9th July, 1985 noticing that the question involved in the case in squarely covered by the decision of this Court in Dr. Asa Singh's case.

p. 904, margin B

The decision in the case of Dr. Asa Singh has been considered and explained in a later decision of this Court (State of Punjab & Ors. v. Boota Singh & Anr., Civil Appeal No. 10674of1996 decided on 7th August, 1997). In this decision, it has been noticed that in Dr. Asa Singh's case, after dismissal of the special level petition on 13th May, 1993, the State Govemment sought to reopen the matter by filing an interlocutory application before the High Court for clarification. The clarification application was dismissed by the High Court and the judgment of the High Court was upheld by this Court holding that since the main judgment had become final, the question could not be reagitated through mode of interlocutory application for clarification. It was also noticed that the decision in Dr. Asa Singh's case had no applicability and Boota Singh's case could not be decided in the same fashion as Dr. Asa Singh's case because the challenge in the appeal was to the main judgment of the High Court and not to any order passed on clarification application.

pp. 904–905, margin F

In Boota Singh's case it has also been held that the benefit conferred by the notification dated 9th July 1985 can be claimed by those who retire after the date stipulated in the notification and those who have retired prior to the stipulated date in the notification are governed by different rules. They are governed by the old rules, i.e., the rules prevalent at the time when they retire. The two categories of persons are governed by different sets of rules. They cannot be equated. The grant of additional benefit has fin.ancial implication and the specific date for the conferment of additional benefits cannot be considered arbitrary. It was further held that :

p. 905, margin A

'In the case of Indian Ex-Services League & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors. Etc., reported in (1991] 1SCR158 this Court distinguished the decision in Nakara's case (supra) and held t,hat the ambit of that decision cannot be enlarged to cover all claim by retirees or demand for an identical amount of pension to every retiree, irrespective of the date of retirement even though the emoluments for the purpose of computation of pension be different. We need not cite other subsequent decisions which have also distinguished Nakara's case (supra). The latest decision is in the case of KL. Rathee v. Union of India & Ors., (1997) 4 Scale 384 where this court, after referring to various judgments of this Court, has held that Nakara's case cannot be interpreted to mean that emoluments of persons who retired after a notified date holding the same status, must be treated to be the same. The respondents are not entitled to claim benefits which became available at a much later date to retiring employees by reason of changes in the rules relating to

p. 905, margin C

pensionary benefits."

p. 905, margin F

The controversy involved in the present appeal and connected appeals is squarely covered by the aforesaid decision. The respondents are thus not entitled to claim benefits under the notification dated 9th July, 1985 since the said benefits became available on a much later date to the retiring employees by reason of change in rules relating to pensionary benefits. In this view, the judgment of the High Court cannot be sustained.

p. 905, margin G

Before parting, we place on record our deep anguish for the unavoidable litigation in this Court in the form of the present appeals at the instance of the State of Punjab/appdlants. The decision in Boota Singh's case had been rendered more than a yi::ar earlier than the impugned judgment of the High Court. It is a matter of regret that Boota Singh decision was not brought to the notice of the High Court with the result that the High Court, on the basis of Dr. Asa Singh case, allowi.:d the writ petitions. Tht explanation that Boota Singh 's case d(;cision was not reported and it could not be brought to the notice of the counsel and, therefore, could not be cited before the High Court, shows a total casual approach particulady when the State of Punjab itself was the appellant in the said case. Such casual approach results in unnecessary litigation and waste of time besides incurring of unnecessary expense and waste of public money. We can only express a hope that in future litigants such as State Governments would be more careful.

p. 906, margin A

For the aforesaid reasons, wt allow the appeals, set aside the judgment of the High Court and dismiss the writ petitions. The parties are, however, It ft to bear their own costs. A.O. Appeals allowed

p. 906, margin C