LACCHMAN SINGH versus STATE OF H.P. AND ORS.

SHIVARAJ V. PATIL, J. The Himachal Pradesh Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1972 (for brevity 'the Act') came into force on 22.11.1973. A draft statement was served on 24.3.1975 on the appellant by the Collector under Rules 9 and I 0 of the Rules framed under the Act stating that he had surplus area of 108.3 bighas and that he could file his objections, if any, within 30 days. The appellant did not file any objection. The Collector passed the order on 14. 7 .1975 in the absence of any objection confirming the surplus area of I 08.3 bighas of the appellant. The appellant was detained under MISA between the period from 8.7.1975 to 1.1.1977. An appeal could be filed against the order of the Collector dated 14.7.1975 within 60 days. Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms Act, 1972 (for short 'the Land Reforms Act') came into force on 4.10.1975. The appellant could apply for resumption of land under the provisions of the said Act to the extent he was entitled to, within one month from the date of application of Rules 6 from 4.10.1975. In the absence of resumption application, on 20.2.1976, proprietary rights were proposed to be conferred on the private respondents under the Land Reforms Act. Accordingly, on 22.6.1976, mutations of proprietary rights were sanctioned in favour of the tenants. On 20.10.1976, the appellant filed Civil Writ Petition No. 456 of 1976 in the High Court through his son Bhagat Singh, being a General Power of Attorney. In the said writ petition, constitutional validity of certain provisions of the Act and Land Reforms Act was challenged Further, there V'as cha'llenge to the orders against the appellant passed under both the aforesa d Acts. It may be stated here itself that order dated 3.7.1986 dismissin:~ the C.W.P. No. 456of1976 attained as its validity having not been challenged any further.

pp. 1195–1196, margin D

The appellants filed Misc. Revenue Appeal No. 161 of 1989 before Commissioner (Shim la Divisio 1) challenging the correctness and validity of the order made by the Collector on 14.7.1975 holding that the appellant surplus area of I 08.3 bighas. It is to be noted that the appellant neither mentioned in the appeal nor bn ught to the notice of the Commissioner his suffering an order ofdismi~sal dated 3.7.1986 passed in C.W.P. No. of 1976. The Commissioner dis Josed of the appeal on 29.10.1990 remanding the case to the Collector to decide the proceedings as per the provisions the Act looking to the pleading Jfthe appellant that he had no excess on the appointed day and that 1 he relevant records were not available. remand, the Collector disposi:d of the case on 25.8.1992 rejecting contentions of the appellant taking a view that the High Court having rejected the same contentions in C.W.P. No. 456 of 1976 by the order dated 3.7.1986, it was not open to him to consi :!er the same contentions again, applying principles of resjudicata. The appellant filed appeal before the Commissio111:r again. The Commissioner, afte1 hearing the learned counsel for the by a detailed and reasoned order, concurring with the view taken Collector, dismissed the appeal on 22.12.1992. The matter did not rest The appellant approached the High Court in the second round by filing Writ Petition No. 1519 of 1995. A Division Bench of the High Court, consideration of the rival conte 1tions, concluded that the writ petition by the appellant was frivolous .d ill-advised. Consequently, the writ was dismissed on 10.3.1997. Hence, the appellant is in appeal before Court in Civil Appeal No. 3486 if 1998 against the said order ofrhe Division Bench ofthe High Court.

p. 1196, margin A

After filing of the apped, on 8.9.1997 the appellant took adjournment in this Court to enaJie the appellant to move an SLP against earlier order dated 3.7.1986 pas: ed by the High Court in C.W.P. No. 1976. It is thereafter, SLP was filed by the appellant against the order 3.7.1986 made in the writ petition and the Civil Appeal No. 3487 of arises out of the same SLP.

p. 1196, margin F

Mr. K.T.S. Tulsi, learned ~:enior Counsel for the appellant in C.A. 3486 of 1998 contended that the appellant was not at all excess holder of land considering the fact that he has a major son born on 1.6.1944; the A appellant could not file objections to the draft statement as he was under detention during the period 7.7.1975to1.1.1977. In C.W.P. No. 456 ofl976, only the constitutional validity of certain provisions of the Act was questioned; in that writ petition, the question of determination of surplus area under the Act did not arise; even otherwise, any observation made in that order in the B writ petition cannot affect the rights of the appellant as regards the surplus area. His further submission was that when the appeal filed by the appellant was allowed by the Commissioner on 29.10.1990 holding that the appellant was entitled to two units and the case was remitted to the Collector, the Collector ought to have decided the case on merits in the light of the observations made in the order of the Commissioner; he could not have C simply disposed of the case applying the principle of res judicata referring to the order made on 3.7.1986 in C.W.P. No. 456of1976; the Commissioner also committed an error in dismissing the appeal confirming the order of the Collector. He also submitted that the Division Bench of the High Court was not right in negativing the contentions of the appellant in the light of the order made in the earlier C.W.P. No. 456 of 1976 when the question of D determining surplus area did not arise in that writ petition. He made grievance that no authority has decided as to the entitlement of the appellant for two units taking note of the undisputed fact that the appellant has a major son.

pp. 1196–1197, margin G

Mr. Anoop Choudhary, learned Senior Counsel for the appellant in E C.A. No. 3487 of 1998, while suppoiting the submissions made by Mr. Tulsi, made further submissions that the Collector was wrong in presuming that the appellant was excess holder; no declaration is required to be made by the Collector under the Act as regards surplus area and question of serving draft statement would arise only in case where a return is tiled by excess holder. He drew our attention to certain provisions of the Act in support of his F submissions. He added that even otherwise the order made by the Collector as regards surplus area was bad in law as it was done without giving opportunity of hearing as required under Section 9(2) of the Act; the draft statement said to have been served on 24.3 .1975 was under Section I 0 of the Act; the High· Court committed an error in taking the view that the draft G statement served on the appellant on 24.3.1975 was sufficient service of notice. He also submitted that the appellant was not legally obliged to reply to the draft statement served on him on 24.3.1975; failure to give reply did not affect the appellant's rights; the appellant is also not paid compensation till date and the possession of lands could not be taken without payment of compensation. H

p. 1197

The learned counsel for tlH respondents made submissions in support of the impugned orders for the ver reasons stated therein. They also submitted that on 14.7.1975 when the Collector passed the order declaring that appellant had surplus area of I OL3 bighas, son of the appellant was major; neither the appellant nor his maj<ir son challenged the said order within days; the appellant in C.W.P. No 456 of 1976 did not state that he was excess holder; the appellant was guilty of suppression of material fact, passing of the order in C.W.P. No. 456of1976 on 3.7.1986 when he appeal before the Commissioner in 1989; the order of the Collector dated 14.7.1975 was challenged before :he Commissioner after about 14 years after 3 years from the date of th: order made in C. W.P. No. 456 of 1976; nothing prevented the appellant fr im challenging the order of Collector dated 14.7.1975 earlier on all the grounjs that were available, which are sought be urged now including the grour d that he was not excess holder. It was open to the Collector or the Commissioner in the second round to pass order contrary to the order dated l.7.1986 made in C.W.P. No. 456of1976. The Division Bench of the High ':ourt in W.P. No. 1519 of 1995 on proper consideration of all aspects rightl rejected the contentions of the appellant. According to learned counsel, o fact and circumstances of the case looking to the conduct of the appi:l lant, this Court may not interfere with impugned orders exercisingjurisd ction under Article 136 of the Constitution.

p. 1198, margin A

We have carefully conside ·ed the above submissions of the learned counsel for the parties in the light <fthe facts found and the relevant provisions of law. The Collector by the order dated 14.7.1975 declared that the appellant has surplus area of I 08.3 bighas. fhis order was challenged only in the 1989 before the Commissioner amost after 14 years. The appeal ought have been filed within 60 days. ~ven if the appellant was under detention between the period from 8.7.197: to 1.1.1977, appeal could have been immediately thereafter. There was no need to wait for 14 years. Added this, appellant had major son, ap ieal could have been filed through him writ petition was filed in 1976 by he appellant through his son as GPA. after the dismissal ofC.W.P. No. 456 of 1976 on 3.7.1986, the appeal not filed before the Commissione1 for about 3 years. There is no good reason or explanation given by the app !llant as to why filing of the earlier writ petition and the order passed on 3.7.1986 was not disclosed in the appeal filed before the Commissioner. The obvious inference that can be drawn that the appellant having suffered he order in the writ petition did not disclose the same. If disclosed, it coul1I have gone against him. Possibly, the Commissioner would not have passed an order of remand if the order dated 3.7.1986 passed in C.W.P. No. 456 of 1976 was placed before him. The contention that only constitutional validity of the provisions 1Jf the Act was the subject matter of the C. W.P. No. 456 of 1976 and other contentions relating to surplus land were not raised, also cannot be accepted. The Division Bench of the High Court in W.P.(C) No. 1519of1995 having examined this aspect recorded a finding that the question with regard to the surplus area also came for consideration in earlier writ petition No. 456of1976. From the very order dated 3.7.1986 made in C.W.P. No. 456 of 1976, it is clear that all the contentions sought to be urged in the second writ petition were urged on behalfof the appellant and they were rejected. In the order dated 3.7.1986, the High Court dealing with the surplus area of the appellant has stated thus:- "I would first deal with the proceedings initiated and the order made by the Collector and the relevant provisions of the Ceiling Act declaring an area of 108.3 bighas out of the petitioner's holdings as surplus area. The Ceiling Act which had been enacted "to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the Ceiling on land holdings in Himachal Pradesh" was enforced in July, 1973. As per Section 6 of this Act, no person was entitled to hold whether as a landowner or a tenant or a mortgagee with possession or partly in one capacity and partly in another, the land within the State of Himachal Pradesh exceeding the 'permissible area' on or after the 'appointed day'. ·Appointed day' has been defined in Section 3 as meaning 24th day of January, 1971, and the "permissible area" has been defined in Section 4. Section 8 next provides that every person, who on the 'appointed day' or at any time thereafter holds the land exceeding the permissible area, shall furnish to the Collector particulars of all his lands and that of the separate unit within the prescribed period and in the prescribed form and manner and stating therein the selection of land not exceeding in the aggregate the permissible area which he desires to retain. An option has thus been given to the land owner whose land holding exceeded the permissible area to furnish the particulars to the Collector in the prescribed form and in the prescribed manner stating the selection of land which he desires to retain and which, of course, must not exceed the permissible area. The Rules called the Himachal Pradesh Ceiling on Land Holdings Rules, 1973, were framed under the Ceiling Act and the same were notified in the Official Gazette on 22nd November, 1973. As per Rule 4 every person required to furnish a return under Section 8 shall himself or through an authorized person or in the case of a min or through his guardian furnish it in duplicate in Form C-11 to the Collector in whose jurisdiction the land is situate, personally or by registered post (acknowledgement due) within eighty-five days from the coming into force of the Rules. It is not disputed that the petitioner never cared to furnish the particulars required under Section 8 of the Act in the manner prescribed and within the period prescribed under Rule 4. In the case of a person who fails to select the permissible area in accordance with the provisions of Section 8, S~ction 9(2) of the Act empowers the Collector to select the permissible area of such person by order after collecting the information in such mar.ner as he may deem fit. The Collector, therefore, in the instant case proceeded to act in exercise of his jurisdiction under Section 9(2) of the Act for selecting the permissible area of the petitioner. After collecting such infonnation, he prepared the requisite statement under Rule 9 and sent a copy thereof to the petitioner inviting him to file his objections, if any, against that statement within 30 days from the date of service thereof. This statement found at Annexure-A was served on the petitioner on 24.3.1975. The petitioner, however, neither filed any objections nor did he care to himself appear before the Collector for that purpose. It was in these circumstances that the Collector in exercise of the powers vested in him under Section I 0 of the Act passed his order declaring I 08.3 bighas out of the petitioner's land as surplus for the purposes of Ceiling Act. In view of the factual position stated above and which is not controverted, it is not now open to the petitioner to contend that he was afforded no opportunity of selecting his permissible area or that he was not heard by the Coliector before declaring his area as surplus. The challenge of 1he pelilioner againsl 1he order of lhe Co/lee/or declaring his area as surplus mus/, 1herefore, fail."

pp. 1198–1200, margin D

(emphasis supplied)

p. 1200, margin F

This being the position, it is not possible to accept the contention that the High Court did not decide the question of surplus area of the appellant. In the said order of the High Court, it is also noticed that the challenge to the validity of the provisions of the Land Reforms Act was given up by the learned counsel for the appellant. When the order of the High Court dated 3.7.1986 made in C.W.P. No. 456 of 1976 had attained finality, the Division Bench of the High Court was right and justified in passing the order on 10.3.1997 dismissing C.W.P. No. 1519of1995 taking a view that it was not open to the appellant to re-agitate the matter as to the surplus area before the Collector or the Commissioner or before the High Court in the writ petition. If the appellant was not the excess holder, nothing prevented him from justifying the same by filing objections when draft statement was served on him on 24.3.1975. Assuming that wrong order was passed by the Collector affecting the rights of the appellant and when objections were invited, if the appellant has failed to avail that opportunity, it is not open to him to contend otherwise. The argument that opportunity was not given to the appellant as required under Section 9(2) of the Act, has also no substance. Combined reading of Sections 9 and I 0 of the Act and Rules 9 and I 0 framed under the Act, it becomes clear that the opportunities given to file objections to the draft statement and also opportunity of hearing before issuing a final statement is one composite hearing, even otherwise, there was no reason as to why the appellant should not have taken objections including as to the denial of opportunity of hearing under Section 9(2). It is not a case of not giving oprortunity of hearing but a clear case of not availing of the opportunity given. It was not possible to Collector. or the Commissioner to consider the case of the appellant contrary to or overlooking the order dated 3.7.1986 in C. W.P. No. 456 of 1976. It appears that the surplus area of land was in possession of the tenants and the proprietary rights on those lands were sanctioned in favour of the tenants as early as in 1976. The contention that possession could not be taken from the appellant· without paying any compensation also has no force. It was for the appellant to claim compensation, if entitled to. The appellant has suffered the order on 14.7.1975 having not challenged the said order for many years, which ultimately attained finality by the order dated 3.7.1986, passed in C.W.P. No. 456of1976. Rights have accrued to the· third parties and at this stage their rights also cannot be affected. This is one more reason as to why the impugned orders cannot be disturbed.

pp. 1200–1201, margin F

SLP was filed against the order dated 3.7.1986 made in C.W.P. No. 456 of I976 only with a view to get over the impugned order made in C.W.P. No. I519of1995. This apart, even on merits in view of what is stated above and looking to the reasons recorded by the High Court in the said order dated 3.7.1986, we do not find any good ground to disturb it that too at this stage almost after 16+ years affecting the rights of the parties. Under the circumstances, the Civil Appeal No. 3487 of 1998 has to be dismissed.

p. 1201, margin F

Alternatively, the learned counsel for the appellant urged that the appellant having become landless, his case may be considered by the authorities A for allotment of land in case he applies. We only state that the dismissal of these appeals does not come in the way of the appellant, if in fact he is landless, to apply for allotment of land if permissible in accordance with law.

pp. 1201–1202, margin G

Thus, considering all aspects and facts and circumstances ~f the case,

p. 1202

in our view, the impugned orders do not call for interference. Hence, the appeals are dismissed with no order as to costs.

p. 1202

M.P. Appeals dismissed.

p. 1202, margin B

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p. 1202, margin B